Equal length is achieved by hybridization
(Using CH4 as an example)C forms 4 single covalent bonds with 4 Hs4 unpaired e-s from one C interacting with another 4 unpaired e-s from four HsGround state of C atom only have 2 unpaired e-s To give 4 unpaired e-s, electron can be excited from 2s orbital to the vacant 2p orbital
Before the 2s and three 2p orbitals of C bond with four 1s orbitals of H, they are mixed to produce 4 equal hybrid orbitals.
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