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D. Fields
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D. Fields
Created
2024/06/24 03:31
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D.1.1 Newton's law of gravitation
Newton’s law of gravitation
•
Gravitational force between two objects can be calculated using Newton’s universal law of gravitation
F
=
G
m
1
m
2
r
2
G
=
gravitational
constant
=
6.67
×
10
−
11
m
1
=
mass
of
object
1
,
m
2
=
mass
of
object
2
,
r
=
distance
between
objects
F = \frac{G m_1 m_2}{r^2}\\ G = \textit{gravitational constant} = 6.67 \times 10^{-11}\\ m_1 = \textit{mass of object 1}, \quad m_2 = \textit{mass of object 2}, \quad r = \textit{distance between objects}
F
=
r
2
G
m
1
m
2
G
=
gravitational constant
=
6.67
×
1
0
−
11
m
1
=
mass of object 1
,
m
2
=
mass of object 2
,
r
=
distance between objects
D.1.1-1 Diagram with equation explaining the gravitational force
•
Newton’s universal law of gravitation states that every object attracts other objects with a force
D.1.1-2 simplified graph explaining the relationship between the gravitational force and distance between objects
D.1.2 Gravitational field strength
Gravitational field strength
•
Gravitational field strength at a point is the force per unit mass experienced by a test mass at that point
•
The gravitational field strength due to an object is :
D.1 Gravitational Fields
D.2.1 Charge and Coulomb Force
Charge
•
The unit of Charge is the coulomb (C), it is a scalar quantity
•
The coulomb is defined as the charge transported by a current of one ampere in one second
•
All electrons are identical with each one having a charge equal to 1.610-19C
•
Opposite Charge attracts, Like charge repel
D.2.1-1 Attractive and Repulsive force of charges
Force between charged objects
•
Coulomb force is a force between charged objects with formula :
F
=
k
q
1
q
2
r
2
F = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}
F
=
k
r
2
q
1
q
2
•
Where F is the coulomb force, k is coulomb’s constant, q1 and q2 are the charge of each objects and r is the separation between two objects
•
Coulomb’s constant could be rewritten as :
D.2 Electric and Magnetic Fields
D.3.1 Magnetic fields
Magnetic and Electric Fields
•
In order to visualize a magnetic field, we should once again use the concept of field lines
•
This time the field lines are lines of magnetic field- also called flux lines
D.3.1-1 Magnetic Field around magnets
•
An electric current can also cause a magnetic field
D.3.1-2 Magnetic Field around right hand grip rule
•
The field lines are circular around the current
D.3.1-3 Magnetic Field around the circular magnet
•
The direction of the field lines can be remembered with the right-hand grip rule as shown in the figure above
D.3 Motion in Electromagnetic Fields
D.4.1 Electromotive Force (emf)
Electromagnetic Induction
•
As in topic 5, the phenomenon that states the force acts on the charge when an electric charge moves in the magnetic field.
Solenoid Experiment
•
When moving a magnet in and out of the coil, an electrostatic current is generated through the solenoid.
•
Several rules of the phenomenon:
D.4.1-1 Direction of the magnetic force on the solenoid
•
The greater the speed of the magnet into the coil is, the more current is generated
Electromotive Force
•
When a conductor moves in the magnetic field, an electromotive force (emf) is induced.
•
Emf is dependent on:
D.4.1-2 Induced conductor in moving in the electromagnetic field
D.4 Induction
