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1. Molecules
2. Cells
3. Organisms
4. Ecosystems
This is dedicated to those who have too much to memorise… especially those whose first language is not English.
Major Topic
Prefix
Meaning
Example (Subtopic)
Cell biology
Inter-
Between
Intermolecular(A1.1), interphase(D2.1), intercostal(B3.3)
Endo-
Inside
Endocytosis(B2.1), endosymbiosis(A2.2), endocrine (C2.1)
Exo-
Outside
Exocytosis(B2.1), exoskeleton
Molecular biology
Hydro-
Water
Hydrolysis(B1.1), hydrophilic(B2.1), hydrophobic(B2.1), hydrostatic(D2.3)
Trans-
Across
Transcription(D1.2), translation(D1.2), translocation(B3.2)
Biomolecules
Macro-
Big
Macromolecule(C1.2), macrophage(C3.2)
Mono-
One
monomer (B1.1), monosaccharide(B1.1), monozygotic (D2.2)
Poly-
Many
Polymer(B1.1), polypeptide(B1.2), polyploidy(A4.1)
Cell respiration
Glyco-
Sugar
Glycolysis(C1.2), glycoprotein(B2.1), glycogen(B1.1)
Photosynthesis
Chloro-
Green
Chloroplast(C1.3), chlorophyll(C1.3)
Photo-
Light
Photosynthesis(C1.3), photolysis(C1.3), photosystem(C1.3)
Viruses
Retro-
Back
Retrovirus(A2.3), retrotransposon(A2.3)
Physiology
Hemo-
Blood
Hemoglobin(B3.1), hemophilia(D3.2), hemostasis(C3.2)
Epi-
In addition to, Outermost
Epigenetics(D2.2), epidermis(B3.2), epithelium(D3.1)
Immunity
Anti-
Opposite
Antigen(C3.2), antibody(C3.2), anticodon(D1.2)
Genetics
Hetero-
Different
Heterozygous(D3.2), heterotrophic(C4.2)
Homo-
Same
Homozygous(D3.2), homologous(D2.1)
5. Etymology